History 212.1 (CRN 81893)Tue and Thu 3:00-5:05Music 113Office: Faculty Towers 201AInstructor: Dr. SchmollOffice Hours: Tue and Thu 1-3…OR MAKE AN APPOINTMENT!!!Email: bschmoll@csub.eduOffice Phone: 654-6549

Tuesday, September 23, 2014

Human Migration and Clashing Notions of Time in Early Modern Europe


Is there meaning in Movement?
How does so much movement impact the world?

…it also creates various syncretic forms of culture…

“Taitacha Tremors”
I.  Push and Pull Factors in Immigration…

II.   Voluntary Migration
A.   Scots to Jamaica (around 1707)
B.   Italian Immigration to Argentina
C.    Japanese Immigration to Brazil

III.         Forced Migration
A.   Criminals to Australia

In A Discourse on Western Planting,
 in 1584, Richard Hakluyt wrote:

Many men of excellent wits and of diverse singular gifts, overthrown by … some folly of youth that are not able to live in England, may there be raised again, and so their country good service; and many needful uses there may (to great purpose) require the saving of great numbers, that for trifles may otherwise be devoured by the gallows.

The children of the wandering beggars of England, that grow up idly,
and hurtful and burdenous to this realm, may there be unladen, better bred up, to the home and foreign benefit, and to their own more happy state…

1788-1868—806 ships transported 164,000 convicts to the Australian colonies

B.   Captives to the Americas

The Prince who became a slave: Abdul Rahman Ibrahima
Who are we looking for, who are we looking for?
It's Equiano we're looking for. Has he gone to the stream? Let him come back.
Has he gone to the farm? Let him return.
It's Equiano we're looking for.
--Kwa chant about the disappearance of an African boy, Equiano

The middle passage:

Africans become slaves:
All servants imported and brought into the Country. . . who were not Christians in their native Country. . . shall be accounted and be slaves. All Negro, mulatto and Indian slaves within this dominion. . . shall be held to be real estate. If any slave resists his master. . . correcting such slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction. . . the master shall be free of all punishment. . . as if such accident never happened.
--Virginia General Assembly declaration, 1705

IV.   The Meaning of it All:
The Reality of Time Travel 
Time itself is a social construction.

There are two types of thinking about time:

Monochronic Cultures: (e.g. U.S., Northern Europe)
Time is a commodity, rigid, meant to be used to complete one task at a time.
One task at a time.

Polychronic Cultures: (e.g. Latin America, Italy)
Time is more flexible, secondary to relationship.
                        Many tasks at a time.

Note the attitudes towards time of the Kaabyle in Algeria:
"Haste is seen as a lack of decorum combined with diabolical ambition…the notion of an exact appointment is unknown; they agree only to meet at the next market.”                                                                                              Pierre Bourdieu, Algeria 1960

Industrialization and globalization force a standardization of time.
(class starts at 3:00 and goes to 3:05, movies start at 2:05…these are tests of our ability to standardize, to accept overly rigid organizational systems.)
Why talk about cultural constructions of time while talking about human migration? What is the connection?

“It is the inbetween space that carries the burden of the meaning of culture, and by exploring this Third Space, we may elude the politics of polarity and emerge as the others of our selves.”





Tuesday, September 16, 2014

DAY ONE EMPIRES IN COLLISION


Introduction to History 212
Dr. Schmoll

Why world history?
Most historical studies go the opposite way, requiring historians to study more and more focused periods of time and space. So why is there a push to study world history? Better said, what is the virtue of a world historical lens?


1. Bring about awareness that Europe and the U.S. are not all there is…

2. Comparative Analysis…


THEMES OF THE WEEK:
·   Empires in Collision
·   Disease
·   War
·   Empires of Faith
·   Human Movement
·   Technology and Industrialization
·   Nationalism
·   Revolts and Revolutions
·   Economic Globalization


Empires in Collision


How do you define empire? What constitutes empire?
Is it power, control, military, ideological, economic, sexual, racial?

What are the proper terms by which we should discuss an age of empires?
“Movement”
“Conquest”
“Discovery”
“Exchange”
“Destruction”

The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (2011)
"It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future."
                     Samuel Huntington


COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
“By the time of Cortés' assault on the mainland, the Spaniards had created in the Caribbean a perfect base camp for that assault. When the conquistadors moved into Mexico, Honduras, Florida, and elsewhere, they carried smallpox and many other maladies, freshened by recent passage through the bodies of the Arawaks. The Spaniards rode on horses bred in the Antilles, and wardogs from the same islands trotted beside them. Their saddlebags were packed with cakes of Caribbean cassava. Behind the conquistadors, herded along by Indian servants, came herds of swine, cattle and goats all of which had been born in the islands. In the span of the first post-Columbian generation, the Spanish had created in the Caribbean the wherewithal to conquer half a world.”
               …ALFRED CROSBY

Today, we will discuss empires in
INDIA, AFRICA, and EUROPE.

1.        The Mughal Empire:  1526-1858CE


Agra and Delhi as capitals

Influential Mughal Emperors:
Babur (1526-1530) The First of the Mughals
Humayun (1530-1556) The Luckless Leader
Akbar (1556-1605) The Great
Jahangir (1605-1627) The Paragon of Stability
Shah Jahan (1627-1658)  The Master Builder
Aurangzeb (1658-1707)  The Intolerant
Bahadur Shah Zafar (1775-1862) The Puppet
BABUR
ABU AKBAR

Fatehpur Sikri, 1571 to 1585

Akbar ended the tax on non-Muslims.
Akbar was a great military leader.
 (1868)
Mughal war elephants

Akbar and Godism:
Akbar took the policy of religious toleration even further by breaking with conventional Islam.

The Emperor proclaimed an entirely new state religion of 'God-ism' (Din-i-ilahi) - a jumble of Islamic, Hindu, Christian and Buddhist teaching with himself as deity.

Shah Jahan (1627-1658)   (The Master Builder)
Taj Mahal


How did this empire end?

Internal strife…

External pressure…

The great Mughal city of Calcutta
came under the control of the
East India Company in 1696.

Europeans and European - backed
by Hindu princes conquered most
of the Mughal territory in a few decades.

2.     Songhay/Songhai


Ibn Bututta
--travelled from 1325-1354
--75,000 miles            

In the 1400s, Songhay rose to power under Sonni Ali the Great, replacing Mali as the major power in the region.
Askia the Great (1442-1538) ruled over the Songhai.
After Sonni Ali's death, General Mohammed Ture, a devout Muslim, took power(in 1493).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vhx5OHfekk   (ahmed baba and Songhay)

How did the Songhay end?

In 1591 the Moroccan army invaded.


3.        QING
How is empire-building unique when it occurs overseas?

4.        Europe Invades the World:


Ferdinand Magellan:
     1519-1522

       The Spanish Conquest of Mexico
              1519-1521

Hernan de Cortes:



Montezuma II





Tenochtitlan: Capital of the Aztec Empire


Malinche interprets for the Spaniards when Montezuma meets Cortés.

Bernal Diaz del Castillo:
"I remember in the plaza where some of their oratories stood, there were piles of human skulls so regularly arranged that one could count them, and I estimated them at more than a hundred thousand. And in another part of the plaza there were so many piles of dead men's thigh bones that one could not count them; there was also a large number of skulls strung between beams of weed, and three priests who had charge of these bones and skulls were guarding them. We had occasion to see many such thing later on as we penetrated into the country for the same custom was observed in all the towns."
(account from the 1520s)



American Indian Population in North America:
                        1,894,350 in 1500
1 million in 1760
500,000 by 1900



MS  Biloxi          1650    1000 Mooney (1928) w/ Pascagoula,
MS  Biloxi          1698     420 total, per Swanton (1944)
MS  Biloxi          1720     175 total, per Swanton (1944)
MS  Biloxi          1805     105 total, per Swanton (1944)
MS  Biloxi          1829      65 total, per Swanton (1944)
OK  Biloxi          1908       6 to 8, total, per Swanton (1944)
OK  Biloxi          1910       0 this tribe is Extinct!
 
 
 
FL  Calusa          1650    3000 Mooney (1928) estimate
FL  Calusa          1680     960 passed through 5 villages
FL  Calusa          1839     250 warriors, that attacked Harney
FL  Calusa          1850       0 this tribe is Extinct!



Wednesday, September 10, 2014

COURSE SYLLABUS

History 212.1 (CRN 81893)
Tue and Thu 3:00-5:05
Music 113
Office: Faculty Towers 201A
Instructor: Dr. Schmoll
Office Hours: Tue and Thu 1-3
…OR MAKE AN APPOINTMENT!!!

Office Phone: 654-6549

Course Description:

This course is the third part of the CSUB History Department’s World History survey series. We will cover the history of the world from 1700 to present, surveying the main civilizations across the globe. The focus will be on how the processes of modernization, industrialization, imperialism, expanding global trade, industrialized warfare, national and social revolutions, nuclear proliferation, Cold War polarization, de-colonization, and international debt have transformed the world’s civilizations. Students will often be challenged to compare these civilizations and to analyze how they interacted. There is, in short, a great deal to cover and only ten weeks to cover it.

As you look over the weekly schedule, you will also notice that there is a THEME OF THE WEEK listed before each week. This does not mean that the themes listed will be absent in other weeks. What it means is that we will focus our study of world history on that theme during that week. In general, we will discuss the theme of the week on Tuesday and the reading on Thursday. Hence, plan to read the chapter for each Thursday class.

Course Learning Objectives:

By the end of the course students will be able:

  1. To identify and define the most important events, people and processes of the transformation of the world over the last 250 years.
  2. To evaluate historical documents critically and to describe how these documents might be used in understanding and writing history.
  3. To write a basic five-paragraph essay using historical evidence to support an argument.
  4. To think more critically about history, how it is constructed, written and interpreted.

Required Reading:

Robert Strayer, Ways of the World: A Brief Global History with Sources, Volume 2 (New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2013; Second Edition) ISBN-10: 0312583494; ISBN-13: 9780312583491

OR

Loose-leaf Version of Ways of the World: A Brief Global History with Sources, Volume 2; ISBN-10: 1457647281; ISBN-13: 9781457647284

We will also have regular readings on the blog. Those will be announced in class.

COURSE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES:

The Blog: If you have questions or comments about this class, or if you want to see the course reader or the syllabus online, just go to history212fall2014.blogspot.com
You need to sign in to this blog this week. You will also have short readings on the blog. I will announce these in class.



Attendance: Just to be clear, to succeed on tests and papers you really should be in class. That’s just common sense, right? To pass this class, you may not miss more than two classes. If you miss that third class meeting, you are missing 15% of the quarter. You cannot do that and pass.

Reading: How should you read our book? How many of you love reading? I did not read a book until I was 18, so if you have not yet started your journey on this ever widening path, it’s never too late. In any course, there’s no substitute for reading. Theorist Jim Moffett says that “all real writing happens from plentitude,” meaning that you can only really write well about someone once you know about it. Reading is one way to know—not the only, by any means! I want you to have experiences with great texts. For these ten weeks, diving wholeheartedly into the course reading is vital. Remember to read in a particular way. As reading expert and UCSB professor Sheridan Blau has argued, “reading is as much a process of text production as writing is.” Reading involves revision? Does that sound silly? As you read, think about the different ways that you understand what you read. Most importantly, when you read, think about the words of E.D. Hirsch, who says that we look at what a text says (reading), what it means (interpretation), and why it matters (criticism). Hey, but if you are in a history course, aren’t you supposed to be reading for exactly the number of miles of trenches that were dug in World War One, how many railroad workers died from 1890 to 1917, or what the causes of the Great Depression were? Anyway, the answer is yes and no. There are two types of reading that you’ll do in college. As the literary goddess theorist Louise Rosenblatt explains, there is aesthetic reading, where you are reading to have an experience with the text, and there is efferent reading, where you are reading to take away information from the text. You do both types all the time. Think about a phone book. You have probably never heard someone say of a phone book, “don’t tell me about it, I want to read it for myself.” Reading a phone book is purely efferent. In this course you will practice both types of reading. I have chosen texts that you can enjoy (aesthetic) and that you can learn from(efferent). I want to see and appreciate the detail in our reading, but in this course I’ll give you that detail in class lectures. In the reading, it’s much more important that you read texts that will live with you forever and to inspire you to think more thoroughly about your world. As you read, you should be working hard to create meaning for yourself. As Rosenblatt asserts, “taking someone else’s interpretation as your own is like having someone else eat your dinner for you.”

How fast should you be reading? With our text, I expect you to move through fairly quickly. I will model this for you in class, but basically, you should be looking for a key piece of information from ach section. Take notes on it, but do not take such copious notes that you slow your reading to a snail’s pace. Instead, let your note taking help the reading go faster. Again, I will model this in class. The text will guide our in class discussion, and you will have it with you. So be sure you have read it for each Thursday class.

Being Prompt:Get to class on time. Why does that matter? First, it sends the wrong message to your principal grader(that’s me). As much as we in the humanities would like you to believe that these courses are objective (at what time of day did the Battle of the Marne begin?), that is not entirely the case. If you send your principal grader the message that you don’t mind missing the first few minutes and disturbing others in the class, don’t expect to be given the benefit of the doubt when the tests and papers roll around. Does that sound mean? It’s not meant to, but just remember, your actions send signals. Being late also means that someone who already has everything out and is ready and is involved in the discussion has to stop, move everything over, get out of the chair to let you by, pick up the pencil you drop, let you borrow paper, run to the bathroom because you spilled the coffee, and so on. It’s rude. There’s an old saying: better two hours early than two minutes late. Old sayings are good.So, what are the consequences of persistent tardiness? What do you think they should be? Remember that 10% participation? You are eligible for that grade if you are on time. And no, I’m not the jackass who watches for you to be late that one time and stands at the door and points in your face. If you are late a few (that means three) times, you will lose the entire 10% participation grade. One time tardiness is not a problem precisely because it is not persistent. It’s an accident. But if you are late several times, you will not be able to receive a participation grade above 50%.



The Unforgivable Curse: Speaking of one time issues, there is something that is so severe, so awful, that if it happens one time, just one time, no warning, no “oh hey I noticed this and if you could stop it that’d be super,” you will automatically lose all 10 percent of the Participation grade. Any guesses? C’mon, you must have some idea. No, it’s not your telephone ringing. If that happens, it’ll just be slightly funny and we’ll move on. It’s a mistake and not intentional, and the increased heart rate and extra sweat on your brow from you diving headfirst into an overstuffed book bag to find a buried phone that is now playing that new Cristina Aguilera ringtone is punishment enough for you. So, what is it, this unforgivable crime? Texting. If you take out your phone one time to send or receive messages you will automatically lose 10% of your course grade. That means, if you receive a final grade of 85%, it will drop to 75%. If you receive a final grade of 75%, it will become a 65%. Why is that? The phone ringing is an accident. Texting is on purpose and is rude. It, in fact, is beyond rude. It wreaks of the worst of our current society. It bespeaks the absolutely vile desire we all have to never separate from our technological tether for even a moment. It sends your fellow classmates and your teacher the signal that you have better things to do. Checking your phone during class is like listening to a friend’s story and right in the middle turning away and talking to someone else. Oh, and guess what, this room is designed to give your teacher a perfect view of you with a phone beneath the table; is that text message really worth 10% of the quarter grade? Plus, the way our brains work, you need to fully immerse yourself, to tune your brain into an optimal, flowing machine (see Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s incredible book Flow) that can grasp and can let itself go. Students now tend to see school as a stopover on their way to a career. Brothers and sisters, that’s deadly! I wish that I could pay for you all to quit your jobs and just focus on the mind. I can’t yet do that, but if I could I would, because it’d be worth every penny. Devoting time to the mind and to thinking deeply about your world will change who you are and how you approach your future, your family, your job, and your everything. Is that overstated? I believe it to be true. So, until my stock choices really take off so that I can pay all of your bills, promise me one thing: when you are in class or preparing for class, you have to be fully here. Oh crap, now it’s going to sound like a hippy professor from the 1960s: “I mean, like, be here man, just be here.” Maybe the hippies were on to something. Devote yourself fully to your classes by unplugging from the outside world for a while.



Participation: You do not need to be the person who speaks out the most, asks the most questions, or comes up with the most brilliant historical arguments to receive full credit in participation. If you are in class and on time, discuss the issues that we raise, avoid the temptation to nod off, to leave early, or to text people during class (the three easiest ways to lose credit), and in general act like you care, then you will receive a good participation grade! 

Just being here does not guarantee a 100% participation grade, since you must be regularly actively involved for that to be possible.

 

In fact, to get a 90% participation grade or higher, you must attend all classes, contribute thoughtful comments to the larger class discussion every day, participate actively with those around you, and avoid the obvious: no sleeping, no texting, no using this course to study for other courses, no being late.

To get an 85%, you can miss one class and must contribute at least one comment per week to the large class discussion, participate actively with those around you, and avoid the obvious: no sleeping, no texting, no using this course to study for other courses, no being late.

To get an 80%, you can miss one class and must participate actively with those around you, and avoid the obvious: no sleeping, no texting, no using this course to study for other courses, no being late.

To get a 75%, you can miss two classes and must participate actively with those around you, and avoid the obvious: no sleeping, no texting, no using this course to study for other courses, no being late.

Show up tardy more than once or fail to participate in the dialogue and the participation grade will begin to diminish quickly.

Academic IntegrityThe principles of truth and integrity are recognized as fundamental to a community of teachers and scholars. The University expects that both faculty and students will honor these principles and in so doing will protect the integrity of all academic work and student grades. Students are expected to do all work assigned to them without unauthorized assistance and without giving unauthorized assistance. Faculty have the responsibility of exercising care in the planning and supervision of academic work so that honest effort will be encouraged and positively reinforced. http://www.csub.edu/studentconduct/documents/academicintegrity.pdf

GRADING SCALE:

Participation:                           10%
In class book assignment:       5% pass/no pass
Paper:                                      20%     We will discuss the topic and the other requirements in class.
Crash Course Responses:        5% pass/no pass
Midterm Examination:            30%
Final Examination:                  30%


COURSE SCHEDULE:

THEME OF THE WEEK…Empires in Collision

9/16  Tue   Introduction/Syllabus/Political Transformations: Empires and Encounters

9/18  Thu   Political Transformations: Empires and Encounters         Read Chapter 13
WATCH CRASH COURSE WORLD HISTORY #16 , MANSA MUSA AND ISLAM IN AFRICA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvnU0v6hcUo&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=16


THEME OF THE WEEK… Human Movement

9/23  Tue   Migration in World History

9/25  Thu         Read Chapter 14
WATCH CRASH COURSE WORLD HISTORY #25 THE SPANISH EMPIRE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemLdos&index=25&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9

THEME OF THE WEEK… Empires of Faith

9/30  Tue         Belief and Action

10/2  Thu         Read Chapter 15
WATCH CRASH COURSE WORLD HISTORY #30 Haitian Revolutions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5A_o-nU5s2U&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=30

THEME OF THE WEEK… Disease in History

10/7  Tue         Germs and Genes/In class book assignment Due

10/9  Thu         Read Chapter 16


THEME OF THE WEEK…Technology and Industrialization

10/14  Tue       The Industrial Revolution

10/16  Thu       Read Chapter 17


THEME OF THE WEEK… Midterm This Week

10/21  Tue       Read Chapters 18 and 19…

10/23  Thu       MIDTERM EXAMINATION


THEME OF THE WEEK… War

10/28  Tue       The Great War as a World Event

10/30  Thu       Read Chapter 20


THEME OF THE WEEK… Revolts and Revolutions

11/4  Tue         International Revolution

11/6  Thu         Read Chapter 21/Paper Due



THEME OF THE WEEK…Nationalism

11/11  Tue  VETERANS DAY…CAMPUS CLOSED

11/13  Thu       Read Chapter 22


THEME OF THE WEEK…ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION

11/18  Tue       Economic Walls Fall


11/20  Thu       Read Chapter 23


FINAL EXAM Wednesday, November 26, 2:00 to 4:30